Iran Society of Biophysical Chemistry (ISOBC)Biomacromolecular Journal7280-24232220161201Fasting Reduces the Binding between Sugar and Protein; New Insights into Diabetic Complications939624876ENMousa BohlooliDepartment of Biology, University of Zabol, Zabol, IranAli Akbar SabouryInstitute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranFereshteh TaghaviInstitute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMehran Habibi-RezaeiDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSajad SarvariInstitute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAli Akbar Moosavi-MovahediIBB, Universiy of TeharnJournal Article20161012Fasting has numerous biological, physical and mental health advantages or that as some physicians cure their patients by prescribing fasting to them. Fasting protects people from many diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes complications. The main health-promoting effects of fasting are increased production of neurotrophic factors, neuroendocrine activation, hormetic stress response, reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress, general decrease of signals associated with aging, and promotion of autophagy. This article briefly describes the molecular view of the effects of fasting on human health, according to our laboratory results, which are obtained by biophysical and biochemical methods. Based on our results, the presence of 3-β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) as a liver produced metabolite in the fasting condition protects the body against toxicity of human serum albumin and insulin glycation products. Our results demonstrated that, BHB protects protein against sugar binding, inhibits the alteration of the protein structure and diminishes AGEs formation. By this way, BHB inhibits friend to foe transformation in proteins to protect us against diabetic complications.Iran Society of Biophysical Chemistry (ISOBC)Biomacromolecular Journal7280-24232220161201Acute Effects of the Iranian Snake (Naja Naja Oxiana) Venom on Heart9710124877ENSeiedAbdolmajid AngajiDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, IranAdeleh HoushmandiDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences,
Kharazmi Uni, Tehran, IranAbbas Zare MirakabadiDepartment of Antivenin and Venomous Animals, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, IranJournal Article20160708The myocardial effect of snake venoms is considered as one of the most common pathogenesis in many cases of snake envenomation. This study was under taken to investigate the effects of snake (Naja naja oxiana) venom on cardiac function in experimental animals. The blood samples from all the rabbits were collected before venom injection and then 140 µg/kg venom of snake (Naja naja oxiana) was injected intramuscularly to the rabbits. Following venom injection the blood was collected again at 1, 3 and 24 hrs. Electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded during the experiment. The serum enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were determined. Statistical analyses were carried out by SPSS version 21 software. CPK enzyme showed a significant increase at 1 and 3 hours after venom injection. The level of CK-MB rose significantly after 1hour following venom injection too. However, even at 24 hours the level of CPK was not changed significantly and the rise in CK-MB at 3 and 24 hrs following venom injection was not significant statistically. Although there was a rise in LDH level following venom injection but it was not significant. The ECG also confirmed changes of heart rhythmic and showed bradycardia and T tall. Based on the results obtained in the present study, it seems that the Naja naja oxiana venom has acute effect on cardiac system during first few hours of snake bite.Iran Society of Biophysical Chemistry (ISOBC)Biomacromolecular Journal7280-24232220161201Design and Fabrication of Glucose/O2 Enzymatic Biofuel Cell10210725032ENMahdi Alijanianzadeh1Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, IranFariba Mashayekhi Mazar1Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.Zhila Jamshidinia1Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, IranAhmad Molaei RadDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-9787-6911Journal Article20160906Enzyme-based biofuel cells (EBFCs) are systems that use a variety of organic compounds to produce electricity through oxido-reductase enzymes, such as oxidase or dehydrogenase as biocatalysts immobilized on electrodes. In this study, a single-chamber EBFC consisting of carbon electrodes that operating at ambient temperature in phosphate buffer, pH 7 is reported. The EBFC anode was based on glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme from Aspergilus niger immobilized on carbon fiber electrode based on carbon nanotube (CNT) and Nafion. The cathode was air-breathing based on Pt/C. The GOx/CNT/Nafion-based bioanode and air-breathing cathode were combined into a functional EBFC. The operation of EBFC was carefully investigated by use of glucose/O2 as substrate and oxidant respectively. The maximum power delivered by the assembled biofuel cell in stationary state, reached 106.4 µW/cm2 at 0.45 V with 0.2 M glucose at 25°C. Also the best Results of the fabricated cell show that present biofuel cell could be used as a power source to generate electricity for small power bioelectronic devices.Iran Society of Biophysical Chemistry (ISOBC)Biomacromolecular Journal7280-24232220161201Detection of Ascorbic Acid in Biological Samples by a New Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode10811725033ENSajedeh SaberUniversity of ZabolFarideh Hosseini NaroueiUniversity of ZabolMeissam NoroozifarUniversity of Sistan and BaluchestanNajmeh SabbaghiUniversity of Sistan and BaluchestanJournal Article20161112The present work describes the construction of a new modified electrode by casting the appropriate mixture of a metallocene, which has been introduced in the experimental part, as a mediator at the surface of glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The proposed modified GC electrode was used for the determination of ascorbic acid (AA) in phosphate buffer (PB) solution (pH = 4.0). When compared to bare GC electrode, the modified electrode not only shifted the oxidation potential of AA towards less positive potential but also enhanced its oxidation peak current. Further, the oxidation of AA was highly stable at modified electrode. The optimum analytical conditions were sought. The oxidation peak of AA increases linearly while increasing its concentration with a correlation coefficient of 0.9993 and a detection limit (3σ) was found to be quite desirable. The present modified electrode was also successfully used for the determination of AA in the presence of common interferences such as starch, glucose, citric acid Na+, K+, Mg2+and Ca2+. The proposed modified electrode was successfully demonstrated towards the determination of AA in pharmaceutical samples. It should be noted that procedure for preparation of this modified electrode is simple, inexpensive and rapid.Iran Society of Biophysical Chemistry (ISOBC)Biomacromolecular Journal7280-24232220161201Prolonged Release Evaluation of an Injectable Anticancer Drug using Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticle11812525035ENFarnaz RezaeeNanotechnology and advanced materials department, Materials and energy research center, Karaj, IranMaryam SaeidifarDepartment of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, IranMasoumeh JavaheriCeramic department, Materials and energy research center, Karaj, IranP. SangpourNanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, IranJournal Article20161107Human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSA-NPs) were synthesized using the modified desolvation method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electronic absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Zeta Sizer as well as field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) of the sample confirmed the formation of HSA NPs with an average size of 68 nm. The obtained results shown that HSA-NPs was successfully synthesized. The cytotoxic study of HSA-NPs in the HFFF2, normal cell lines was conducted and cell viability percentage demonstrated more than 90% within 24 h. Therefore, the synthesized NPs were nontoxic compared to the control samples. Furthermore, the release of the oxaliplatin as an anticancer drug incorporated in HSA NPs was also investigated in physiological conditions. The drug loading (DL) and drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) were enhanced and the DL of 0.9% and DEE of 51% are achievable. The Higuchi model was shown the best fitting compared to the different kinetically release model. This result and result of cyclic voltammetry indicated that the drug release mechanism followed by diffusion manner. Therefore, our present study showed that the biocompatible HSA NPs could improve prolonged release of oxaliplatin as anticancer drugs.Iran Society of Biophysical Chemistry (ISOBC)Biomacromolecular Journal7280-24232220161201Isolation and Study of S-layer Nanostructure of Deinococcus Radiodurans R112613425121ENMaryam AbdoliradDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Malek-ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, IranRassoul KhalilzadehDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Malek-ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, IranMahdi AlijanianzadehDepartment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Malek-ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, IranJournal Article20161117Crystalline surface layer proteins (S-layer proteins) have considerable potential for the crystalline arrays in biotechnology, biomimetics and nonlife applications, including areas such as microelectronics and molecular nanotechnology. The extensive application potential of surface layers in nanobiotechnology is according to the particular inherent attributes of the single molecular arrays consisted of uniform protein or glycoprotein subunits. Most important, functional groups on the protein lattice are arrayed in well-specified positions and orientations. Many applications of S-layers are related to the ability of isolated subunits to recrystallize into single molecular arrays in suspension, suitable surfaces or interfaces. Utilization of the s-layers as template to pattern inorganic nanostructures, requires the separation and purification of these proteins and study of their structures on solid surfaces. The hexagonally packed intermediate (Hpi) protein of Deinococcus radiodurans belongs to the category of S-layer proteins which form crystalline two-dimensional arrays on bacterial cell surfaces. In this study, Deinococcus radiodurans R1 S-layer was purified and SDS-PAGE of purified HPI layer was analyzed by Core Laboratory Image Quantification Software. And also, secondary structure of Isolated HPI layer was evaluated by Circular Dichroism. and Zeta potential measurement was carried out to define surface charge of HPI surface layer sheets. In addition, hexagonally pattern of HPI sheets have been studied by atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. According to our results, isolated HPI layer from Deinococcus radiodurans R1 can be used as template to array nanoparticles in future works.Iran Society of Biophysical Chemistry (ISOBC)Biomacromolecular Journal7280-24232220161201Investigation of an Optimized Context for the Expression of GFP as a Reporter Gene in Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii13514225122ENMahsa Ghanbari MotlaghIranian Research Organization for Science and TechnologyZahra Amini-BayatIranian research organization for science and technology (IROST)Hamideh OfoghiIranian research organization for science and technologyJournal Article20161108Background: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a novel recombinant eukaryotic expression system with many advantages including fast growth rate, rapid scalability, absence of human pathogens and the ability to fold and assemble complex proteins accurately, however, obstacle relatively low expression level necessitates optimizing foreign gene expression in this system. The Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria is a substantial reporter molecule for monitoring gene expression and protein localization.The fluorescence of GFP requires only UV or blue light, and, therefore, the in vivo observation of GFP expression is easy with no need for complex and costly apparatus.<br /> Methods: In this study the codon optimized GFP reporter gene was cloned into the pChlamy3 vector using Kpn1 and Not1 restriction sites. The recombinant pChlamy3-GFP expression vector was transformed into E. coli Top10 cells. The presence of the expression cassette was verified by double digestion. Then the recombinant vector was transformed into the nucleus of C. reinhardtii for expression. Afterwards, transformed cells were analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy using a microplate reader.<br /> Results: The results of fluorescence spectroscopy revealed a 28-fold more fluorescence compared to wild type in one of the samples, and this is much more than the reported results by previous studies.<br /> Conclusions: It is suggested that the expression system optimized by this study can potentially be used for the production of important therapeutic proteins and other heterologous proteins in C. reinhardtii.Iran Society of Biophysical Chemistry (ISOBC)Biomacromolecular Journal7280-24232220161201Assessing Stability of Gold Nanoparticles in Presence of Two Enzymes, RNaseA and RNaseH, Using Colorimetric Detection14315125602ENYaser GhaziDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, IranFatemeh Haddadi*Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, IranHossein KamaladiniDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, IranSepideh AhmadiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, IranAkbar VaseghiYoung Researchers and Elite Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, IranJournal Article20161203Gold nanoparticle-based diagnostic methods have attracted much attention due to their simplicity, high sensitivity and low cost. These methods are mostly used for early and efficient detection of various pathogenic factors and assessment of gene expression and nanoparticles stability. In this study, melon plants were cultured in vivo and then, RNA was extracted from leaf explants. A 40 bp probe was designed based on the Actin gene sequence and applied to investigate the gene expression by colorimetric detection. Color variation of the nanoparticles, from red to blue was observed in presence of the target molecules. The maximum observed changes was at 550-650 nm. Moreover, the activity and the effect of two enzymes, RNaseA and RNaseH, on the stability of gold nanoparticles were investigated. The results showed the effect of the RNaseA enzyme in the initial time period along with the RNaseH enzyme over the time on the stability of gold nanoparticles. Such colorimetric techniques, which are based on the stability of the gold nanoparticles could be used for rapid assessment and recognition of gene expression and the factors affecting the stability of the gold nanoparticles. These could also be considered as a useful technique for screening other enzymes and medicinal molecules.Iran Society of Biophysical Chemistry (ISOBC)Biomacromolecular Journal7280-24232220161201Water-based Double Layer Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Gene Delivery Applications15216125669ENSoroush KhoshnevisDepartment of Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Faculty of Sciences & Modern Technologies, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, P.O.Box: 76315-117, Kerman, Iran.Zahra HassaniDepartment of New Materials, Institute of Science, High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.Masoud Torkzadeh-MahaniDepartment of Biotechnology, Institute of Sciences, High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, IranMohamad MahaniDepartment of Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Faculty of Sciences & Modern Technologies, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, P.O.Box: 76315-117, Kerman, IranJournal Article20170303Iron oxide nanoparticles (magnetite (Fe3O4), hematite (Fe2O3)) have been received increasing attention in drug and gene delivery. In this work, water-base double layer functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (DL-IONPs) were designed and prepared of a biodegradable, biocompatible carrier by co-precipitation method with high DNA loading capacity due to self-assembly of a second organic layer. The prepared nanocarriers were characterized by FTIR spectra, XRD, dynamic light scattering and vibrating sample magnetometry. Gene loading ability of the nanocarriers was determined using gel retardation electrophorese method. Finally, cytotoxicity and transfection assays toward HEK293T cell line were studied. Several advantages compared to other systems are simple synthesis procedure, high ability for condensation of nucleic acids due to positive charge around of carrier and suitable capacity for loading hydrophobic drugs in consequences of the hydrophobic area formation between the first and second layers. Results from gel retardation assay demonstrated that the DNA can efficiently attach to DL-IONPs particles, and protect plasmid DNA from nucleases attack and degradation.Iran Society of Biophysical Chemistry (ISOBC)Biomacromolecular Journal7280-24232220161201Comparison of BAX and Bcl-2 Expression During Human Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation into Cardiomyocytes and Doxorubicin-induced Apoptosis16216825925ENParisa GhiasiDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares UniversitySaman HosseinkhaniDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranHassan AnsariDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, IranNasser AghdamiDepartment of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRHossein BaharvandDepartment of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and TechnologyJournal Article20170125Back ground: Although the cell differentiation is an inseparable part of development in multicellular organisms, the regulating molecular pathway of it still is not fully defined. In the other hand, apoptosis is a fundamental physiological process which plays an essential role in a variety of biological events during development. Moreover, recent studies have found that apoptosis shows several common features with differentiation but that how cells distinguish apoptosis and differentiation from each other is not clear.<br /> In this study two critical members of the Bcl-2 family, BAX (an apoptosis promoter) and Bcl-2 (an apoptosis inhibitor) ratio was investigated in both apoptosis and differentiation processes. BAX/ Bcl-2 ratio is one of the important characteristics of the apoptosis process but its role during differentiation is still unknown.<br /> Materials and methods: At the present study hESC (human embryonic stem cell) line RH5 was used for induction of differentiation into the beating cardiomyocytes and also doxorubicin induced apoptosis. Samples were collected at different time points and their total RNA was extracted and RT-PCR was performed to assess the expression of genes of interest.<br /> Results: During apoptosis BAX mRNA level increased but Bcl-2 mRNA level decreased and consequently BAX /Bcl-2 ratio increased significantly (p<0.05) about 8 fold, 24 hours after apoptosis induction. But interestingly BAX /Bcl-2 ratio fluctuated during differentiation of beating cardiomyocytes. <br /> Conclusion : It seems that BAX /Bcl-2 ratio and the time of its engagement may contribute to the choice between cell death and differentiation in hESC.Iran Society of Biophysical Chemistry (ISOBC)Biomacromolecular Journal7280-24232220161201Dendrosomal Nanocurcumin Induces Changes in the Expression Levels of Heat Shock Proteins in the AGS Cell Line: Cellular Tolerance or Smart Apoptosis Induction16917626711ENAlireza PanahiSchool of Basic Sciences,University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IranRoohollah Nakhaei SistaniFaculty of Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran0000-0002-0566-2957Maliheh EntezariDepartment of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranHadi ShirzadDepartment of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranMaryam MontazeriDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranSadegh BabashahDepartment of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranMajid SadeghizadehDepartment of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20170308Objectives:The expression levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) are elevated in many cancers, and this overexpression is often associated with both a poor survival and a therapeutic outcome. Curcumin is an anti-cancer agent that also induces a heat shock response. HSPs confer resistance to curcumin-induced apoptosis in cancerous cells. The aim of the current study was to analyze variations in the expression levels of hsp gene in response to polymeric-nanocurcumin (DNC) to determine whether these alterations have inhibitory effects on apoptosis or promote it.<br /> Methods:The IC50 of DNC on AGS cell line was determined by the MTT assay. Following DNC treatment, the expression levels of hsp mRNAs were quantified by qPCR. Using siRNA, the Hsp27 gene was knocked down, and the DNC-induced apoptosis was determined by Annexin V test.<br /> Results: Three variants of Hsp27 and two members of Hsp40 and Hsp90 families were significantly up-regulated while one member of Hsp40 and Hsp70 families were down-regulated. As a result of Hsp27 knock down, the DNC-induced apoptosis was increased about 26% (26.19 vs 52.61). <br /> Conclusion:The overall effect of DNC on Hsp genes was induction, which suggests that DNC could cause stress in AGS cells. On the other hand, reduced levels of Hsp70-2 and DnaJC3 expression could be indicative of their involvement in DNC-induced apoptosis. In addition, as Hsp27 knock down led to an increase in apoptosis, it appears that Hsp27 confers resistance against DNC-induced apoptosis. Therefore, knock down of Hsp27gene could be considered as a supplementary treatment beside DNC in cancer therapy.Iran Society of Biophysical Chemistry (ISOBC)Biomacromolecular Journal7280-24232220161201Effects of Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Mutations on the Folding of Abeta(25-35) Peptide: Molecular Dynamics Simulations17719027790ENMaryam GhobehDepartment of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5038-5426Shahin AhmadianInstitute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14176114411, Tehran, IranMohammad-Bagher Ebrahim-HabibiMicrobiology and Biotechnology Research Group, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, IranAli Akbar MeratanDepartment of Biological Sciences, Institute in Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, IranAzadeh Ebrahim-HabibiTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20170318The 25-35 fragment of the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide is a naturally occurring proteolytic by-product of its larger parent molecule that retains the amyloid characteristics and toxicity of the full length parent molecule. Aggregation of this peptide occurs rapidly in aqueous solutions and thus characterization of its folding process is very difficult. In the present study, early stages of Aβ(25–35) folding were observed in the presence of two mutations (N27A and M35A) in pure water, before and after exposure to pure dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by conducting molecular dynamics simulations. Hydrophobic mutations decreased flexibility in the peptides structures, and peptide terminal mutation resulted in more compactness and beta secondary structure formation. Meanwhile, pure DMSO dramatically reduced the peptides’ dynamics, and pre-treatment with pure DMSO caused reduction and delay in beta structure formation in all studied peptides. It is concluded that the introduction of dimethyl sulfoxide and hydrophobic terminal M35A mutation could notably affect the folding of Aβ(25–35).